Ten Commandments for CEOs Seeking Organizational Change Essay Example for Free

Ten Commandments for chief operating officers Seeking Organizational Change EssayIn our ever-changing, fast-paced world, private-enterprise(a) relationships Can shift quickly when companies respond too late to increased competition in their industry group. Succeeding in much(prenominal) a competitive and changing environment demands that CEOs reshape their organization to meet todays challenges and competitive realities. But responding to channel remains highly elusive because there is a natural resistance to change at all levels within the organization, including at the top. CEOs and former(a) members of the executive suite ingest to take a hard look at their existing organization and culture, ask tough questions intimately its appropriateness for the reliable competitive environment, and take concrete, implemental steps to forge a preferred culture and drive it downward throughout the accurate organization. But therein lies the challenge, for a couple of(prenominal) ma nagement teams both establish a comprehensive strategy for remaining competitive and take a hands-on approach to implement change internally. By not getting involved, they signal to employees that the change really isnt very important. A happen upon premise of this article is that cultural change or any organizational transformation is essentially a top-down activity. It cannot be delegated. If the CEO perceives the need for change, specifys it a top priority, and gives it a great deal of time and attention, the organization give change. By the same token, if the CEO offers only limited lip service, needed changes just wont happen. This article outlines how the CEO can be an overenthusiastic grass of change by paying enough attention to implementation to make the transformation take place. Reynierse and Leyden (1992) return a case study incorporating these steps.1. Strategy-DrivenThe subprogram I am advocating bequeath be relatively ineffective without a strategic framework to provide competitive benefit. This process is not a substitute for such a strategy. Rather, the strategy is the starting point that establishes the mise en scene for all other steps. However, strategies impart be relatively ineffective when management pays insufficient attention to their involve on the work forcefor ultimately it is the work force who entrust implement the strategy and make it succeed or fail. The point is that unless such a strategic plan is implemented and executed effectively, it will not be fully realized in the competitive marketplace.An overview of this process is depicted in Figure 1. A companys employment strategies, plans, and goals ar the starting pointnot the endof this cipher. They formalize the CEOs reverie, setting the tone and establishing direction for the company in both the long and short terms. They provide a context for all other activities and decisions, establishing the limits for making many choices along the way. In addition, they determine the direction and boundaries for get uping the new organizational culture, including molding employee expectations.Resources be scarce in every organization, and management mustiness accept the fact that it coin bank do everything. Strategic choices reflect judgments somewhat where companies think they have marketplace competitive advantage so that plans implemented here enable them to grow faster and earn more than their competitors in these market segments. Similarly, the imagings dedicated to fixing the organization are laid by this strategic focus.2. Top-Down InvolvementIf something is important, a good rule of thumb is to have a top-down approach to getting it done. Ideally, then, the CEO must get involved. If the CEO attends to the organization, it will improve and gain competitive advantage. Conversely, if the CEO gives it scant time and attention, little organizational growth will occur. In short, the CEO who enthusiastically sponsors a broadly conceived program for building the company is more likely to succeed and reap the benefits down the road. A company-wide initiative needs an enthusiastic and supportive CEO who does not hesitate to play a continuing role during the change process. But where is the top? And who is the CEO? Building organizations is often go served by dealing with chunk-sized bites rather than the whole company.Particularly for large companies, it often makes better sense to deal with natural strategic business units (SBUs) rather than the entire company. At one level, there are often unique problems or opportunities in a unit or company division. At another level, it is close meaningful for those involved to deal with issues that directly concern them and their business unit. The approach I am advocating includes determining the firms vegetable marrow set and missionary work. It is unlikely that every SBU or company division will share the same core values or mission.Individual business units often have u nique customers, competitors, product maturity, strategies, and objectives. These units need the autonomy to develop their own focus. For such cases the division executive is functionally the CEO for that unit and can provide the vision, enthusiasm, and driving force for success. Throughout, however, the CEO must remain interested and provide broad support for what is taking place. Even when the primary leadership role resides elsewhere, the CEO must be an advocate for change and reinforce actions taken at these lower levels.3. Organizational AssessmentPeriodically it is valuable to take an objective snapshot of the broader organization. This not only provides information about the companys strengths and limitations but can also unwrap how those strengths and limitations measure up to the mission and the core values. Effective organizations have employees who share these values, and a carefully conceived organizational estimation will identify pockets of agreement and resistance. Several techniques, including surveys, interviews, and focus groups, are used for these organizational assessments. The organizational dynamics survey (Reynierse and Harker 1986) has been particularly effective, because it provides an objective measure of the fundamental values that mold organizations. For example, the surveys broad customer orientation category taps a cultural value related to making customers a priority and firm their needs.Surveys are particularly important because they get every employee involved everyone has the chance to be heard. Surveys also provide an opportunity for management to pay attention to employees concerns and to build their trust. This is achieved when management openly communicates with employees regarding key issues and responds to problems by taking timely, corrective action. At the same time, establishing trust is the first step in getting employees to buy in to managements broader vision.4. Clarify Core ValuesPeters Waterman (1982) have o ne all-purpose bit of advice for management figure out your value system. Decide what your company stands for. nowadays many frequently echo this management theme. Identifying and clarifying core values are central to this approach as well. When they are integrated with a companys business strategies, core values help provide a focus mission. All too often, companies or their natural business units lack focus their employees are confuse about what the company stands for and what it is trying to achieve. However, when the focus and the mission are clear, they can drive the entire organization or SBU. Mission statements ideally should be brief, concise, and to the point.They should identify primary business activities, integrate key strategies, and reflect the firms core values. When we speak about core values we are dealing with many attractive virtuesMcLaughlin, McLaughlin Lischick (1992), for example, identify more than 100and it is tempting to include as many as possible. In m y experience, however, an organization can give proper attention to only a fewsay, triplet to fiveclearly stated core values. Anything more will be too diffuse and will only confuse employees and dilute managements efforts. In other words, management has to make some hard choices, and established strategies provide the context for focus.There are no shortcuts there is no generic mission statement. To build a focus organization, the management team has to participate in the process. We use a value clarification exercise when working with top and senior management. This exercise consists of 30 collective values that are relevant (and credible) for business and industry. Each is defined and serves as an effective probe, placing key issues on the table for discussion. Some representative examples are shown in Figure 2. Because many are presented with a different thrust or emphasis, they can generate a provocative and lively discussion. This value-clarification process gains agreement for key priorities and direction, and fosters team-building through shared values and mission. Similarly, it lays the groundwork for resolving internal differences between functional groups that whitethorn have varied goals or priorities.Finally, it sets the stage for driving the process downward through the entire work force so other employees can buy in and share the centre mission as well. The assay in all this, says Peters (1992), is that management does such a good job that these values become fixed, even though they no longer are appropriate. The needful caveat here is to return to strategy and competitive marketplace reality. Very simply, if the strategy is no longer appropriate and requires changes, the core values and focused mission probably need to be changed as well. They must therefore be revisited and modified as necessary to be congruent with any new strategies.A case can be made that because clarifying core values is so central to this approach, it should occur e arlier in the process. There are benefits, however, of having it take on the organizational assessment step because this gives management another opportunity to respond to the input and reactions of the work force. Their perceptions of what the company really values are important and may indicate that changes are needed.5. Work Force Involvement and ParticipationOne of the advantages of the employee survey approach to assessing an organization is that all employees have the opportunity to participate and read their opinion. In other words, at an early stage in the process they have the chance to level with management, provide an employee perspective, and establish an agenda for later stages. time we begin the more intensive activities at the top with senior management, we involve lower-level employees, particularly lower levels of management, as quickly as possible. Although every situation will be different and will require different solutions, management should be vigilant for opportunities to involve new participants. A valuable tool is the use of focused task forces to address any priority issues that may have emerged from the organizational assessments or team-building sessions.This permits additional employee involvement at the problem-solving and solution-generating stages of the exercise. A fundamental assumption is that a focused organization requires a work force that shares this focus. The key to successful implementation, then, is the steps that are taken to drive the process downwardto downstreamso that all employees feel they are a part of this focused mission. Implementing managements vision demands paying attention to employees, managing their expectations, and responding to their concerns.Building the firm requires taking action steps that promote the core values and focused mission. I call these steps the culture carriers. It is through them that senior management can reinforce values consistently and frequently. Put another way, the cultu re carriers provide direction for marketing the core values and mission with all employees. The five culture carriers we have identified are summarized in Figure 3 and will be discussed separately.6. Inspirational leadershipOur studies of corporate culture indicate that there are two ways management stays in touch with what is liberation on in the company 1. By visiting work areas and being visible to their employees. This is inspirational leadership at its best and is similar to the idea of Managing by Walking Around (MBWA), as developed by Peters Waterman (1982) and Peters and Austin (1985). 2. Through the balance sheet and financial focus. In general, however, many top executives underscore financial performance and focus to the extent that they neglect their leadership roles. The broad process for organizational change outlined here provides structure for MBWA and for being a cheerleader. Although executives tend to underestimate their leadership effectiveness, they in fact e xert considerable power by virtue of their leadership positions.As DePree (1989) observed, Leaders need to be concerned with the institutional value system. Each time they go out to a work area and talk to an employee or group of employees represents an opportunity to exercise influence and reinforce the companys mission and core values. This clearly communicates to employees what is important to the organization and what is expected of them. When the CEO or division head is leading the charge, everyone quickly picks up on it, and any ambiguity regarding what is taking place is quickly removed. The results are multiplied when this leadership role is being exercised by the entire management team.As an example, the management team of one of my client organizations made a contract with one another during a planning retreat to spend 15 proceedings a day walking around, getting to know employees, and talking with them in each of their subordinate organizations. Though initially they wer e ambivalent and self-conscious about their task, it in brief became an accepted and high-priority activity. They would confront each other daily by asking, Have you spent your 15 minutes walking around yet today? This, together with several other steps, quickly led to a turn-around in an otherwise demoralized work force. It was an important step for management to become informed, get on top of operations, get in touch with its people, and communicate direction.7. CommunicationPut as simply as possible, employees cannot accept or implement top managements vision if they are unaware of it. Frequent formal and informal channels of communication are needed with all employees to introduce the focused mission and core values and reinforce them over a period of time. Executives must make liberal use of meetings, video presentations, posters, newspaper articles, brochures, and so on. If there is a rule of thumb, it is that you cant do too much in this area. Some of our clients have succe ssfully used kick-off meetings in which they celebrated the focused mission and core values, gave every employee a wallet-sized card containing the mission statement, and provided other symbolic itemspins, coffee mugs, pencils, hatsthat focused on elements within the mission and its values. Primarily held to share information, the meetings were also used to rally employees and build enthusiasm for the new organization. The informal mixing that occurs at such kick-offs is also a valuable time for management to energize employees and talk with them further about the focus.8. Financial FocusWell-ran companies have a strong financial focus that emphasizes both profitability and cost containment. It can play a significant resource allocation role that simultaneously provides increased funds and resources to programs that support the core values while denying (or at least sharply reducing) funds and resources to established programs that are less important to the mission. How upper-case letter is invested and what activities are expended carry important messages to employees. It is necessary to examine investment decisions in terms of a strategic standard that includes the companys core values and focused mission. Having done so, it may be necessary to withhold capital or budgetary expense dollars for those projects that fail to qualify under this standard. When capital investments and highly visible expenses are consistent with the values and mission of the company, they will provide support for and reinforce this focused mission among employees. But when inconsistency abounds, employees will be confused and may withhold their support.

The Lament for Ignacio Sanchez Mejias Essay Example for Free

The Lament for Ignacio Sanchez Mejias EssayJust like Helen Keller who attempted to attain the summit of her sprightlinessspan through with(predicate) her incessant perseverance, I have also been doing my best efforts to achieve constant self-improvement and to work toward my maximum self-actualization. Both Helen Keller and I share one issue in common, that is, we adhere to the same spirit of perseverance and self-perfection. Nevertheless, there is one essential difference. What Helen Keller was trying to do was to overcome her physical predicaments and constraints so that she could behave and do things like a normal individual. Being a normal person, I would like to tap my latent to the fullest possible extent so that I sack up achieve academic and professional excellence necessary for becoming an elite of the emerging young generation. The rapidly growing Chinese economy seems to be providing us with an unprecedented opportunity to our personal fulfillment. Under such ci rcumstances, what we should do is to become fully prepared to embark on our journey of life, to venture into deep waters.As a matter of fact, I have already been making some of the most important preparations for my ambitious undertaking in the future. I completed my undergrad education from 1998 to 2002 in the specialty of marketing at the Business Administration Department of bring of XX. Although the Institute is by no means the most honored one in China, I have been one of the best students in this Institute. Drawing inspirations from Einsteins assertion that diligence accounts for 99% of a persons success, I have endeavored to prove this doctrine through my concrete action.At the very outset of my undergraduate program, I decided that I essential make maximum use of all the educational resources available to improve and perfect my knowledge. By the time I graduated, I proved that my undergraduate life was a very rewarding one, embodied in my satisfactory academic performance , important extracurricular activities, a spate of honors and awards, well-developed personal qualities, and recruitment by my Alma Mater. As part of my personal development, my undergraduate career was characterized by constant improvement in academic performance.By the time I became a junior, I was chumpd top three in my class. My diligence, sound analytical ability and strong interest in my chosen specialty, all those factors contributed to my sustained scholastic success. Marketing is a subject that encompasses knowledge in economics, perplexity, psychology and other disciplines. This interdisciplinary nature of marketing, plus the challenges of creative thinking that it poses to its learner, helped to strengthen my interest in it as I delved deeper into this subject.As a result, I managed to achieve quite satisfactory scores in all the core coursesBusiness Psychology, Marketing, International Marketing, Modern Enterprise Management, universal Relations, Market Survey and Pr ediction, etc. Mean time, benefiting from the systematic and rigorous training in economics and management, I have considerably enhanced my analytical skills, which gradually permitted me to excavate the essence of the matter amidst apparently complicated business issues. I also started to reflect on some basis but specific problems in our economy, such as Why none of Chinese enterprises have so far failed to enter the worlds top 500? During my undergraduate program, my academic committedness did not in the least affect my extensive extracurricular involvements. On the contrary, those involvements served to develop my management capacity, interpersonal communication and teamwork. I was a journalist of our Institutes Journalism Association, reporting on major campus events. I was the chief debater of our Departments Debate Team and by working about with my tem members, we won the first prize in our Institute for two consecutive years.My other extracurricular positions included ass istant music coach of the Study Department of the Students Union, director of the Social Practice Department of the Institutes Students Union, and a member of the Institutes Students Committee. One thing that should be stressed is that, as director of the Social Practice Department, I successfully launched the final match of Miss Network in XX Province, which was part of XX The match, designed to popularize net income knowledge and show the charm of the learned women students, produced quite a local sensation.As the main planner of the event, I met and overcame major challenges. I moot I will derive lifelong benefit from this experience. To be engaged in in high spirits-level business management has always been my professional objective. As far as I am concerned, this challenging profession is what I am most interested in, one which can allow me to apply my knowledge and expertise to showcase challenges. With Chinas reform toward the market economy, a large number of big enter prises have been created, but over the past two decades, no Chinese enterprise can be found in the worlds top 500.An important factor is that we lack true entrepreneurs and effective ideas of modern strategical marketing and management. This situation calls for well-trained business administrators with international perspectives. An important purpose of your MBA education is to provide systematic theoretical support for solving various business problems while equipping future enterprise administrators with all the necessary managerial skills. In addition, I am deeply fascinated by your MBA programs hawkish and international character.In my proposed program, I will continue to focus on marketing, with special emphasis on studying the advanced marketing strategies and concepts of the worlds top enterprises. It is my conviction that, against the background of economic globalization, an international education can give me far more than the mere knowledge and skills of business adminis tration. As a necessary foundation for my prospective MBA program, I will have accumulated two years of work experience (from 2002 to 2004).Upon completing my undergraduate program, due to my opulent performance in academic, extracurricular and moral conduct, I was recruited by my Alma Mater to take up a belief position as a teaching assistant while concomitantly serving as student councilor. For more than one year by now, I have been managing more than 700 students in an entire grade in XX. Although my responsibilities are not those typical of an enterprise, I have derived much pleasure of successful management in ensuring the smooth operation of student life and activities, in addition to promoting my sense of responsibility and managerial expertise.Admittedly, there are important differences between the management of students and the management of employees in an enterprise, I have consciously and creatively applied my knowledge of human resource management that I learned in my management courses. This makes me realize that many theories and approaches of commercial and industrial management can be equally effectively applied to the management of non-profit organizations to improve their operation efficiency. As one of the best-loved XX universities, XX University enjoys a very high prestige for its MBA education.What this University really attracts me is that your university attaches great importance to group research and small-class education whereby students are allowed to collaborate with senior professors to undertake various interesting projects. I believe that this highly interactive and competitive educational model will be very appropriate for me in that it can fully draw out my potential in business management and lay a firm foundation for me to become a business management elite in China.In my proposed study, I will stick to my usual way of self-developmentconstantly transcending my former self in pursuit of a life of sustained personal develop ment. Just as what Helen Keller said The result of each attempt is a success, and along the ladder pieced together by each individual success, I will ultimately apply the grand altitudes in the deep of the azure cloudsthe summit of my hope.

Semantic Change Of The Word Gay

Se small-armtic Change Of The Word GayLanguage probe into the on passing semantic tack of the explicate unfearingIntroductionThe signifying of the password gay has intensifyd over time with its current most comm plainly accepted use being to get out some atomic number 53s sexual orientation. This wasnt always the case and at the moment is already changing to define something as being rubbish or unimpressive. Such a big swop as of this has direct to me being interested into investigating the word and how over time specifically it has switch overd. The word gay give carewise interests me language wise because of its importance in referring to someones sexuality, it provides a personal connection to some multitudes lives as it describes them and who they are, so however the definition changes so will the effect to anyone who is gay. To investigate the semantic change I wanted to get the widest range of results for my investigation on the word gay. I went approximately ch oosing a wide range of masses to give me the strikingest range of views and opinions on the word and its definitions. To get this I asked fourth- family people who come from a generation where the word was completely antithetical. I excessively asked people such as my parents who hasten come from another different generation and then finally todays generation. I would aim to find a large difference between definitions between the elderly who would ca-ca grown up around the 1960s and any teenager I ask today who is currently in a completely different generation.methodological analysisData collectionGoing about my Investigation I decided the best way to get the most and best results was to produce a go of definitions and let the people who fill out the questionnaire pick one or two. I then would produce some follow up questions around the word gay in a questionnaire style layout. I decided that a questionnaire style layout would best suit this investigation because it would be familiar with all the ages I am planning to ask to fill. whateverthing to complicated could potentially confuse an elderly person so the results wouldnt be as reliable. For the first most authorised question I decided on using the four definitions utilise by the British Oxford Dictionary and found that gay has four meanings(A) light-hearted and carefree(B) bright coloured, showy(C) butch, especially a man(D) foolish, stupid or unimpressiveGiving each of these definitions a letter I would ask the people I was giving my questionnaire to, to choose the letter they thought gay meant. Id do this in the aim of testing one of the hypothesis that only older people will use gay with the first and second meanings, and only junior people will use gay with the fourth and fifth, most upstart meanings. The earliest meaning is letter (B). Dictionaries usually give letter (D) as the most recent meaning.AnalysisFirst AnalysisAs I expect the results from my questionnaires matched my hypothes is, that the older generation would answer giving the definition of the word gay as light-hearted or colourful where as the generation of today (15-21) defining it as something being rubbish or a homosexual man. Even with this result that the homosexual man definition is assuage in common use, more 15-21 year olds answered that it meant something being rubbish rather than a homosexual man. The bare-assed definition is starting to over shadow the older one. Surprisingly in my results some sluice went to say they used the word gay not even thinking about the older definition of a homosexual man. Therefore showing the semantic change of the word has changed so greatly that its other definitions are starting to be forgotten about and people are using the spic-and-span definition almost unconsciously as this new definition becomes more common. Though my hypothesis was correct there were some abnormalities with two elderly people who filled in my questionnaire saying they had picked u p on the change of the word gay through their grandchildren and had stopped using it because of the possibilities that the word could offend someone. I also found that the elderly people who were grandparents that had completed my questionnaire talked about experiences where they had use the word to describe something and had been laughed at because of the different meanings that the Grandparents and Grandkids shared. When being asked if they commonly used the word gay, the younger generation used it extremely more with it almost being a day to day phase. The older generation were not the same with all hardly one of the people I asked not using it at all.Semantic ChangeThrough back up questions I learnt that such semantic change was becoming more popular through the rail people see that if homosexuality has become more accepted into todays society they have no need to put a label on homosexuality. Therefore the word gay is losing its original meaning and connection to the word hom osexuality. School also plays another part in this because it is teenagers (school pupils) who have changed the meaning of the word gay, it was first seen as an insult. But the word has been so overused that it has lost its original meaning. In the legal age of schools where pupils aged 15-18 and possibly even younger call each other gay it was here that the word gay was popularised with students first using it as an insult. existence gay was seen as being bad, so it picked up this derogative term but as time processed and the semantic change also, it transformed into having an general meaning that something is stupid. An example of this would be that in my questionnaire I was given school as something which is gay. If we used the definition of a homosexual man this would make no sense but because of the semantic change this definition has completely changed meaning anything this person didnt like could be gay.It is not conscionable in school that the word gay had been used. Rad io and television shows although rarely are using the word gay to define something which is lame or rubbish. One example is Chris Moyles, a former DJ on BBC Radio 1, he received complaints from listeners after he used the word gay to describe a ringtone that he didnt like. The BBC released a statement after the incident saying that the word gay may now mean rubbish.- The BBC said that the DJ was just keeping up with developments in English usage. Chris Moyles show was one the most popular at the time, his and the BBC statement about the incident would have given many people a new way to define the word gay and the fact a DJ such as Chris Moyles could use it in this way would have led to many people using it alsoWhile finding out that gay meant something as being stupid through the eyes of 15-18 year olds, I asked these people whether or not they saw gay meaning this because of the fact that being gay has been seen as a bad thing for many geezerhood and is only now being understood and more regularly accepted. I wanted to see if at the beginning of gay starting to change semantically, it took on a negative connotation since many opposed homosexuality especially in schools and whether or not this had an effect on the semantic change, almost move to understand that if being gay was never seen as being bad would the word gay had even changed semantically at all? In cobblers last into this secondary research I found that many people in the 15-18 year old class were honest and admitted that at the start the semantic change could have been put down to the fact it carried a derogatory meaning. But now is seen more as play ground speak and the increase with this new meaning is led by the youth culture with many 15-18 year olds using the word because others do and may not even have a bad view on gay people.This semantic change In which I questioned was also being devolved through media and social networking sites like Twitter or Facebook where some of the 15-18 year olds would commonly use the word gay to describe something being stupid, as with schools people copy what everyone else does and this is maximised with the huge number of young people who have social networking sites. Along with this my research found that films such as The Hangover where the term gay is used as a joke by an actor. In this film it is used as an insult, this could promote the semantic change. As that film was hugely popular a lot of people saw the pic and saw the new definition in which this word was used. The scene and the words the actor used in this joke have been copied many times and just show how films have an effect on semantic change because of the huge influential value on society.Patterns in the LanguageThe word gay like all words are not set elements of language and are changing all the time. The word gay has been put as starting from the fourteenth century, when the definition was stately and beautiful splendid and showily dressed. Through the late 14th century, it changed to define full of joy, merry, light-hearted, carefree this meaning was one of the definitions I gave in my questionnaire and the one I found was mostly used by the older people who answered my questionnaire. During the 19th century the word gay came to describe a woman who was a prostitute or a man who slept with prostitutes. This definition is obviously not used at all today and shows how one word can change so much based whether or not people use it. In the 1920s the first use of it for referring to a man who slept with another man came about and this use has stuck till today. Although the definition started then, it was not used commonly until the 1980s when this definition over shadowed all others. Until 2006, the word gay was still defined as a homosexual male until the definition changed meaning something is stupid. As with my research, the new definition describes having nothing to do with the previous definition and by chance no offence is intended when using it to describe something as rubbish. This trait in changing words is also seen in the word sick which is changing from defining as being ill to something being cool. These words that are changing are most commonly used by the youth culture, this shows the great power that the younger generations have over the English language and what a word meaning. It seems to be very rare that an older generation define what a word is defined as.Alongside my research I read into Emily Jelsomenos Bitch,Nigger and Gay unshared Language? The semantic shift of Pejorative Words and reformation and this gave me the view that the pattern in which the word gay changes grammatical category and is used seems to go from positive to negative and is now currently negative. With its newest meaning, something being stupid, it gives me the brain that this is a negative. With being able to see this shift, it enables me to make the assumption that there are at least three kinds of semantic change gay has deceased through. These being degeneration, elevation and taboo. With the degeneration I refer to gay becoming a word to describe something as being stupid, the most recent definition. It means gay is known as being negative. With elevation I refer to the improvement of the meaning. This improvement came from it meaning men who had sex with other men to homosexual males. The second meaning is more favourable because it removes the element of sex from the definition. Sex between two males for some people is wrong and looked down upon strongly, whether it is for religious reasons or personal views. Removing the sex from the definition evaluates the word gay because it makes it more acceptable in some peoples eyes. It makes being homosexual not ineluctably about having sex with someone of the same gender, but someone who is different from the norms of what being a male is. Lastly with the word gay Id refer it to being a taboo for the term homosexual male as the word homosexual can s till be considered a loathly term when referring to a gay man.Changes in Grammatical categoryUsing my research and some background reading, I can come to the proof that gay has changed in grammatical categories. The first definition of the word stately and beautiful splendid and showily dressed would define gay as an adjective. During the 19th century, it shifted categories and became a noun a women who was a prostitute and then acted at the same time as a verb. The phrase gay meant to have sex. Up to the twenty-first century gay was both an adjective (e.g. gay marriage) and a noun (i.e. gay being connected to being a homosexual). The most recent and latest category change makes gay an adjective once again by using it to insult something or someone, an example of this most recent category change from my investigation would be someone saying youre gay.ConclusionFinishing up my investigation and concluding it I can see a rather clear semantic change of the word gay which answers my initial investigation question. Though I set out almost knowing what the answer was going to be, I was still surprised along the way with some of the information I gained from my investigation. I was not expecting the amount to which people use the word gay daily and how common it now is. Through my investigation I was pleasantly surprised how most (if not all the people I asked) actually used the word gay unconsciously with no thought in mind of offending anyone who is actually homosexual. With my evidence from the investigation I can make the conclusion that the amount that the word gay is actually used has helped steer it away from being used to cause offence and this is obviously a positive sign. The only thing I would change about my investigation is that I would have given more open questions. This would mean the questionnaire would get into more depth about the people who were filling it in opinions, giving me more detailed results. Apart from that I feel my investigation wa s a success.By taking part in this questionnaire you agree to this information being used for research purposes(Please tick if you agree)Please fill in this questionnaireHow old are you?15-24 24-34 34-4444-54 54+What does the word Gay mean to you?(A) light-hearted and carefree(B) brightly coloured, showy(C) homosexual, especially a man (D) foolish, stupid or unimpressiveHow would use Gay in a sentence?Any other comments?Thank you for taking partThank you for taking partBibliographyhttp//www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/words-literally-changed-meaning-through-2173079 17/04/2014http//blogs.telegraph.co.uk/news/brendanoneill2/100246515/gay-now-means-rubbish-get-over-it/ 17/04/2014http//www.todayifoundout.com/index.php/2010/02/how-gay-came-to-mean-homosexual/20/01/2014Bitch, Nigger and Gay Exclusive language? The semantic shift of pejorative words and reclamation -20/01/2014http//news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/7289390.stm -21/01/2014

Effect Of Corporate Parenting On Looked After Children Social Work Essay

Effect Of Corporate Pargonnting On Looked After electric shaverren Social Work EssayThis dissertation is based around the use of corporate fireing in looked later kidren. It go forth discuss and explore the role of corporate parenting in general with the exposed group looked laterward children as this is applicable to pr defendice experience as it is based upon 80 days work placement.The concept of Corporate Parenting was first introduced in September 1998 by the Secretary of terra firma for Health Frank Dobson, as genius part of the governments Quality Protects program to influence over childrens operate. It emphasized the key role that chosen members would play.The Governments Quality Protects gap (1998) requires topical anesthetic authorities to identify children with additional family burdens and to suffer services that are geared to ensure these childrens education and general development do not suffer. (www.doh.gov.uk/qualityprotects)When a child becomes looked after, the responsibilities of their parent become the liability. And it is required to serve everyone working for the council as elected members of the council.This is kn admit as corporate parenting and it is the corporal responsibility of the council to provide the broad(prenominal) hat manageable heraldic bearing and protection for children who are looked after. As a corporate parent, we should act in the way we would if the child were our own. (http//www.southglos.gov.uk/NR/exeres/b10f32d0-3db1-4b38-980d-147f4ad1f6d4)1.2 Who are Corporate Parents?Corporate parenting contains all psyche who has responsibility for the grapple and security of children. The concept of corporate parenting relates to the collective duties and responsibilities of the Local Authority for looked after children uninjuredguard and to promote the life.Corporate Parenting is a collective responsibility of the Council, with Councillors having a distinct role to play in ensuring that the outcomes an d life sees of looked after children are maximized ( The Role of Councillors as Corporate Parents May 2005 Scrutiny freshen Group).The essential principle of Corporate Parenting is that all councillors and staff employed by the Council should parent the Looked After children and drillboyish population in their concern as they would their own children.All selected members of the Council have a duty to act as a Corporate Parent to children in the make do of that Council. The function of the Corporate Parent (Councillors) is to make sure that the services provided by the Council as an entire contribute to achieving constructive outcomes for kids in care.Specifically, they must guarantee that children in their care are healthysafeenjoy and accomplish in lifemake a positive input to societyachieve economic securityIn order to hold this responsibility, Councillors must beShould be well informed about the children for whom they are responsibleNeed to think about how they are affecte d by council decisions essential listen to what children and materialization hatful sayMust be a supporter for children and two-year-old people.1.3 Who are looked after children?The phrase Looked After was commenced by the clawren subprogram 1989 and refers to children and young peopleunder the age of 18who live away from their family or parentsare supervised by a social worker from the local council childrens services department.The term Looked after children applies to those children who are looked after by a local authority when eitherThey are accommodated by the LA at the communicate of a person with parental responsibility, or because they are lost or abandoned, or because there is no person with responsibility for them (S. 20 Children prompt 1989)They are placed in the care of the LA by a court (part IV Children Act 1989) Interim feel for Order or Full Care OrderIn very rare cases children and young people may also become looked after via Ward ship proceedings (High Co urts exercise of its inborn jurisdiction independent of stature (Children Act 1989)Thais topic will initiate with the below questions and answers with brief explanation and references to be sorted out the focus upon overcompensate direction.They are subject to emergency orders to secure their immediate protection, (Part V Children Act 1989) Emergency Protection Orders or Police Orders or are remanded by a court to the care of the LA (S. 23 Children Young Persons Act 1969)In very rare cases children and young people may also become looked after via Wardship proceedings (High Courts exercise of its inherent jurisdiction independent of stature (Children Act 1989)For most children, care is proposed to be time-limited with the mean that the child will return home(a) as soon as possible. (The Children Act 1989) aims to get a balance between the need to protect children from destruction and the need to protect children and families from unnecessary intervention.It encourages arrangemen ts for services to children to be agreed between the parents and the service providers whenever possible. The Act embodies the belief that children are best looked after within the family unit without legal intervention unless this is inconsistent with their offbeat and safety.1.4 Why is corporate parenting necessary?Children may be looked after for many different reasons, including protection from harm and abuse. Children have had a long history of world looked after away from home, in such places as institutions, orphanages, foster homes, approved schools and borstals ( subdivision of Health 1998a).Parents who are unable to look after their child may collect a local authority to do so. Children female genitalia become looked after for a numerous reasons about children may have been abused or suffered gloomy experiences, some may be in care due to family illness or the death of a parent. Others may have complex needs or disabilities and be unable to be cared at home. Often ch ildren whobecome looked after for a short time period due to family trouble like some children do not have a parent or relative to look after them, possibly because of death or serious illnessor because they have been separated.Young people aged over 16 years may choose to be looked after for a variety of reasons, including abuse, domestic fierceness or stress at home. Local authorities must provide accommodation for children who are lost, abandoned, or whose parents are unable to care for them. governing shall provide accommodation for any child in need in their area who appears to them to require it as a result of there being no person with parental responsibility for him, or because he is lost and abandoned, or because the person who has been caring for him is prevented from providing suitable accommodation or car ( role 20 (1) CA 1989)Section 20(3) of the Act gives local authorities a duty to provide accommodation for a child age 16 and 17 years if the authority considers tha t his welfare will be seriously prejudiced without such a serviceA local authority may provide accommodation for any young person who has reached the age of sixteen but is under twenty-one if they consider that to do so may safeguard and promote his welfare, even if their parent objects. (Section 20 (5)-(11) CA 1989)The Governments aim is for every child, whatever their background or their circumstances, to give the support they need to improving outcomes also involves narrowing the gap between deprived children and their peers. The Government is focusing particularly on improving outcomes for looked-after childrenEd Balls says in his letter to looked-after children 2009We want to make sure you have the equivalent chances as different children to fulfill your dreams and to be happy.When there is breakdown and a child has to be removed from its family, the local authority is then expected to act as the corporate parent and to provide substitute care.The job is delegated to a local authority department, and its paid professional agents social workers, foster carers or residential staff act on behalf of the wider community.And when they leave care, they are on their own, having to find their way in the world. It is no wonder that a high proportion of care leavers end up in prison, or with psychological health problems, or with unplanned pregnancies, or in abusive relationships.Chapter 02METHODOLOGYThe study aimed to discover from children their views on being looked after and the degree of power they felt they had to manipulate decisions made about them. Total fifteen looked after children were interviewed. Social workers were asked to identify children who met the criteria of between ten to seventeen and having been in care for at least two years. The children were given a questionnaire from the research worker to explain the purpose of the study and asked if they were ready to be interviewed.The method was selected, however, because confidentiality prohibi ted the researcher being given names and addresses without the childrens permission. It is not clear how many children were carry forwarded and rejected. Of those who initially said they would participate, later on dropped while arranging their interviews, leaving a total sample of fifteen. This comprisedGender Girls 7 Boys 8Age10 years114 years415 years416 years317 years3Length of time in care (based on childrens report)2 years33 years34 years35 years37 years113 years2 symbol of care only two were in residential care, the remainder in advance care.Children were given a common view of the research aim. But the interviews were stubborn to be conducted in unstructured way. They were informed that the examiner wanted to hear their vision on how much they are told about what is happening to them, whether they feel their base is listened to, and whether they are supposed to feel as they are involved in decisions made about their lives.Research involving children creates particular mora l dilemmas in that they are typically less aright than the adult researcher (Thomas and OKane,1998). The unstructured interview was chosen in that it gave them maximum control over the research process and ensured that each child talked only of those topics that mattered to them and could avoid personal issues they did not want to discuss with a stranger.2.1 FindingsBecause of the promise of confidentiality, care has been taken in reporting the findings to ensure that no several(prenominal) can be identified.The importance of the social workerAll mentioned the importance of the social worker in their lives. The social worker was seen as very powerful and, when the relationship worked well, as a very strong ally. One described the qualities needed in a social worker asSomeone who can talk to children, get to know them, take them out, and phone regularly so they keep in touch with what is happening.Most could remember at least one social worker with whom they had got on particularly well and who had made them feel well cared for and supported.She would sort out anything that was bothering me.The biggest complaint about social workers (from eight children) was the high turnover and the subsequent interruption for them.Social workers were also criticised for their reliability in everyday matters such as keeping appointments on time or safekeeping reviews on time. Children interpreted this carelessness as a sign of their low priority in the social workers life.However, Butler and Williamsons research bears out both the affirmatory and critical opinions. They report that many children are seeking a more emotional, empathic level of interaction but that the experience for many is, in contrast, an or so technical, allegedly robotic nature of professional interventions in childrens lives(1994, p.84).ConfidentialityIt is essential to share information for good planning and care but, from the childs point of view, this can seem very intrusive. Again, the problem ref lects the normal processes of stand uping up. Teenagers develop autonomy and increasing privacy as part of maturation but, for a child in care, it is difficult to achieve that alike(p) sense of privacy. Several of the older immaturers complained of the lack of confidentiality and, hence, a reluctance to share their thoughts and feelings because it would all get written down in their file and read by strangers.Butler and Williamsons research also highlighted the importance and perceived lack of confidentiality to children there is a pervasive feeling amongst children and young people that even a loyalty to confidentiality is, too often, a false promise and that information divulged will then be spread around without the consent of the individual concerned (1994, p.78).2.2 Anti-discriminatory practice however one young person spoke his experience of racism. He was a seventeen year old black man who complained that he was continually halt and questioned by the police and that whit e women looked fearful and crossed the road to avoid him. Since he had no record of crime or violence, he felt this was whole unfair and due to racism.2.3 DebateThis is only a small sample so the responses cannot be taken as representative of the views of looked after children in general. However, it is possible to examine the issues they raised and discuss the challenges they pose to professionals endeavoring to listen to their voices whether or not they are typical.Chapter 03Literature ReviewThere are approximately 61,000 children and young people in care in UK, with boys comprising 55% of that population. These statistics are almost a quarter higher than those of a decade ago. Of this group, more than two out of deuce-ace children live in foster care, and just over one in ten in residential care (childrens homes). An estimated 1% of care leavers progress to University, compared with 37% of young people in the population as a whole (Jackson et al 2003).The outcome nationally is poor for looked after children and there is an over-representation of previously looked after children amongst those who are homeless, unemployed or in prison. In 2002, 6% of all school leavers were unemployed. Of this figure, 25% were young people in the care of were unemployed. Of this figure, 25% were young people in the care of Local Authorities. There is a high proportion of these children who suffer from poor mental health or become teenage parents with looked after children being 5 times more likely to develop mental illness than their peers. If the child also has a disability or comes from a black or minority ethnic background they face a double jeopardy and are at greater disadvantage. There remain a disproportionate number of disabled children accommodated by local authorities. Only one per cent of Looked After Children go to University.3.1 THE ROLE OF CORPORATE PARENTINGThe role of corporate parent is defined in Think Child (1999) as the followingFinding out getting the f acts and follow them up, Make decisions by playing your part in the business of the council, Listening to children and young people also finding out from them how councils services work for them and remembering that children are citizens too. To be a champion for children by taking a lead in the community in putting children first. This strategy embeds the following core values that all Children in Care should improvement fromA positive sense of identity and self-worth.Belonging to a family in the widest sense and also a community.Good health.A safe, healthy, child-friendly environment, including appropriate housing, play and leisure time facilities.Freedom from bullying.A right to privacy.Equal access to services.RespectChildren in care have a unique relationship with the state. The local authority fulfils some, or all, of the traditional parenting role this can happen on many levels, from decisions about their day to day care by means of to decisions about where a child will l ive and which school they will attend. This responsibility has become known as corporate parenting in recognition that the task must be shared by the local authority as a whole, from lead members to frontline practitioners. Strong corporate parenting arrangements are central to improving services for children and young people in care.Improving the role of the corporate parent, as part of childrens trusts, is key to improving the outcomes for children in care. It is with the corporate parent that responsibility and accountability for the wellbeing and future prospects of children in care ultimately rest. A good corporate parent must offer everything that a good parent would, including constancy. It must address both the difficulties which children in care experience and the challenges of parenting within a complex system of different services. Equally, it is important that children have a chance to shape and influence the parenting they receive.3.2 WHERE ARE THE PROBLEMS?The circums tances and experiences of looked-after children and young people have shown that they can experience many disadvantages. Research indicates that looked-after children experience poorer outcomes than other children across a range of measures, including health and education.To achieve these outcomes, councils must bear witness their payload to helping every child they look after wherever the child is placed to achieve their potential.The complicated role of parenting happens on many levels from staple decisions about their day to day care and the quality of the emotional support they receive, through to big decisions about where a child will live and what school they attend as well as imparting values which help to shape their future aspirations and ambitions.For most children, these different levels are fulfilled by the same people but it is more complex for children in care. And children and young people in care themselves have told us repeatedly that they want and need stabili ty and continuity of care so that those who look after them do not change so frequently. The challenge, therefore, is to ensure that the quality of care which children experience meets their need for a secure attachment and promotes their resilience and that this is achieved as far as possible without the need for a series of placements before finding the right one.For the first time, the Department for Children, Schools and Families presented data on the emotional and behavioral health of looked-after children and young people, finding that about 60% of those looked after in England were reported to have emotional and mental health problems. It also reported that a high proportion of looked-after children and young people experience poor health, educational and social outcomes after leaving care (Department for Children, Schools and Families 2009c).A government strategy for children and young peoples health noted that a third of all children and young people in tint with the crimi nal justice system have been looked after (Department for Children, Schools and Families and DH 2009).3.3 EVERY CHILD MATTERSGreen Paper, 2003, led to the Children Bill, which was presented to Parliament in March 2004 and is now enacted as the Children Act 2004. The Act sets out a long term programme for change for childrens services across the country. It places a duty on all Local Authorities to produce a plan which addresses disadvantage, raises achievement and safe guards children and young people in their area.This legislation is the legal underpinning for Every Child Matters, which sets out the Governments approach to the upbeat of children and young people from birth to age 19.The aim of the Every Child Matters program is to give all children the support they need tobe healthy apprehension safeenjoy and achievemake a positive contributionachieve economic well-being.The Every Child Matters agenda has been further developed through publication of the Childrens Plan in December 2007. The Childrens Plan is a ten-year strategy to make England the best place in the world for children and young people to grow up. It places families at the heart of Government policy, taking into account the fact that young people spend only one-fifth of their childhood at school. Because young people learn best when their families support and encourage them, and when they are taking part in positive activities outside of the school day, the Childrens Plan is based around a series of ambitions which cover all areas of childrens lives.The Plan aims to improve educational outcomes for children, improve childrens health, reduce offending rates among young people and eradicate child meagerness by 2020, thereby contributing to the achievement of the five Every Child Matters outcomes. http//www.dcsf.gov.uk/everychildmatters/about/This strategy reflects many of the initiatives recommended in the Children Bill and subsequent Act and demonstrates the commitment of the Council to discha rge its duties and improve childrens services. The development of Childrens Trust arrangements will bring together representatives from key agencies and Primary Care Trusts. Whilst the Councils responsibilities towards looked after children are discharged primarily through the and Young Persons Department, the Council recognises the significant contribution to the well being of looked after children and their carers to be made by other Council departments and therefore requires, as part of this strategy, the effective and executive director engagement of all service departments in meeting the needs of this group of vulnerable children and young people.3.4 WHAT IS THE GOVERNMENT DOING ABOUT THIS PROBLEM?In 2003, the Government published a Green Paper called Every Child Matters alongside the formal response to the report into the death of Victoria Climbi. After a thorough mention process, the Children Act 2004 became law. This legislation is the legal underpinning for Every Child M atters, which sets out the Governments approach to the well-being of children and young people from birth to age 19.The aim of the Every Child Matters programme is to give all children the support they need Looked-after children have a right to expect the outcomes we want for every child.These are that theyEnjoy the best health and live a healthy lifestyle .Are kept safe from harm and neglect and feel secure at all times .Are given the chance to learn and achieve, and enjoy leisure time .Are given the opportunity to make the most out of life and take a full part in the community .Grow up in a strong and secure family situation and achieve rewarding adult lives .( The Charter for Children and Young People )( Every Child Matters Agenda)

The Values And Ethics Of The Profession Social Work Essay

The Values And Ethics Of The Profession accessible Work EssaySocial thespians are put into difficult situations on a regular basis. The Health and care professions council (HCPC) set guidelines to aid the challenges brotherly workers face. To remain registered, a affectionate worker ineluctably to abide by the HCPC code of ethics to ensure de passry of the best possible profit for substance ab users. Working indoors the guidelines set preempt be challenging as it may cause meshing with the servicing users values or potentially the kind workers own values. For the purpose of this essay, ethics bequeath be defined as professional obligations and rules of conduct (Meacham, 2007). Social work values will be defined as a range of beliefs about what is regarded as worthy or valuable in a social work context (BASW, 2012 p17). This essay reducees on both areas of the personalisation agenda that can cause challenges for social workers accommodation and personal reckons. The target religious service user group for the purposes of this essay is people with disabilities. Using the definition stated in the Equality Act, (2010) A person is considered change if they brook a physical or mental impairment that has a substantial and long-term negative effect on their ability to do normal daily activities. Legislation and requirements to support adults with disabilities is increasing for the over eleven million people with a limiting long term illness, impairment or disability in Great Britain (office for disability issues, 2012). However, disabled people report mixed feelings and reactions to the legislations and rules put in place regarding their care and allowances (Dalley, 1991). The social philosophical approaches to social work will be used to deal with the challenges and negates social workers face. This essay touches upon Kants deontology Benthams and Mills utilitarianism and Biesteks 7 principles approach.Immanuel Kant (1785) developed the theory o f deontology. This means that social workers need to be promoting obedient actions and the correct motive, however the consequence is not important and the idea of an acceptable motive is subject to judgement (Adapted by Hartsell, 2006 Banks, 2001 Reiman, 2009 Meacham, 2008). Subsequently, Kant introduced the idea of a matte imperative (CI). A CI maintains a persons motives for their actions and they indeed should be acceptable as a universal law. Thus people should act on motives that can be used by everyone in a moral society and lead to complaisance for people (Darwell, 2002 cited in Reiman, 2009). From this it is seen that people should be treated as an end, for example a choice or desire, rather than a means (object) to our own ends. He believed that everyone should be treated with respect regardless of their characteristics or demeanour (Banks, 2001).Kant talks about respect for the individual person and promoting self determination. Biestek (1961) produced 7 principles that over time have become highly influential to social workers look at values and ethics within their practice. 5 main principles have been usedIndividualisation Recognition that each service user has unique qualities, good and bad.Purposeful expression of feeling Recognition that service users need to express their feelings (especially negative ones) freely.Acceptance The social worker should be able to work with a service user without passing judgement and accepting Individuals for who they are, including their strengths and their weaknesses.Non judgemental attitude Social workers should be able to not pass judgement or assign misdeed to the service user. It is about judging the service users behaviourUser self determination the social worker should be able to guide the service user, depending on their on their capacity, to have freedom in making their own decisions and choices (Adapted by Banks, 2001).Utilitarianism focuses on a consequentialist approach as it focuses on th e consequences of the action, rather than the actions themselves. (Scheffler, 1994 cited in Reiman, 2009). Decisions should be made on the results and consequences it could have on society rather than on a personal and individual basis, and to parent maximum good within society. The near action produces the great balance of good over evil the principle of utility. (Banks, 2001). Utilitarianism is based on a theory developed by Bentham and Mills who looked into two branches of utilitarianism hedonistic and ideal utilitarianism. Bentham explored hedonistic utilitarianism, where good was matched with happiness. Mills explored the idea of ideal utilitarianism. This focused on good being about virtues, truth and knowledge, not dear happiness. (Banks, 2001). The theory promotes the greatest good for the greatest number of people. When making a decision it is imperative that the consequence is considered. Therefore as a social worker, it would be beneficial to look at the consequences of the forthcoming action and evaluate what would be most beneficial and least harmful to the service user.In the late 1980s, the giving medication recognised that an improvement in access to community services was required. The organization were committed to providing more support for people with long term needs by assisting and supporting individuals to manage their conditions and providing services they require in the community rather than in long-stay hospitals.(Oliver, 1996) Morris (1993) conducted a study that looked into disabled individuals who needed day to day services. He found that disabled individuals were starting to feel a sense of hopelessness and helplessness when trying to access statutory services. Historically, social workers assessed and told service users what services they needed. through and through the personalisation agenda, and the introduction of direct payments, service users told the social worker their needs. For the first time, the social worker ha d to accept the service users self- legal opinion and then use the assessment to see if the highlighted issues were entitled under Fair Access to pull off (2003) legislation. Direct payments were introduced in 1997 and social workers had to translate service user needs into a monetary value to modify them to purchase their own service. The aim was to give individuals control over their care and their lives. Direct payments evolved into personalised budgets and have further evolved into a more individualised budget / service plan. The need for change and equality of service provision has been recognised as more visits are being voiced by people with disabilities. In line with Beisteks theory, service users are employ purposeful expression of feeling and self-determination to enable the social workers to know their fates and needs. This has resulted in changes which could reduce the potential for conflict in the future.A further challenge is budgetary control. Service users ofte n want services that are financially unavailable to them. Although ethics state that service users should be encouraged to have self- determination, be treated as a whole and the social worker should promote and provide information regarding their care (BASW, 2012), the service users choice cannot always be guaranteed. Utilitarianism would suggest that this is because if service users always received the services they wanted, the social worker would not be promoting the greatest good for the greatest number, instead would be taking a more Kantian approach of promoting moral good. These two philosophical approaches cause conflict within themselves.The Mental force Act (2005) says a person lacks capacity in relation to a matter if at the material time he is unable to list a decision for himself in relation to the matter because of an impairment of, or a disturbance in the functioning of, the mind or brain. (s2). This leads to challenges and conflicts for social workers. If the servi ce user had capacity, there could be conflict over the way they spend their budget which could lead to the social worker treating that individual without respect. Following the BASW code of ethics (2012), it states that social workers should respect the right to self-determination. Kant would support this view as, by the social worker supporting the individual to meet their own self-defined needs, the social worker is promoting good actions that will in turn produce good way outs for the individual. The social worker needs to recognise that the individual has human rights and freedom to voice their views. Burton (1996) showed that there was a stroke to recognise the unequal power relations between the social worker in control of provision of services and the service user who relies on the services. This therefore would undermine Beisteks principles of self-determination as, although the service user is voicing their opinion, the social worker is not listening and this could be see n as jeopardising the principles of personalisation and the code of ethics that are imperative. The carrying into action of The Mental Capacity Act needs to be reviewed to ensure workers are following legislation and ethics. It should not be assumed someone lacks capacity because they have a disability.On the other hand, if the service user didnt have capacity, it could cause conflict between the social worker and the paid carer and/or unpaid carers. If the service user lacks capacity, how would the social worker or the carers be able to assess what was best for the individual? A social worker would have to uphold and promote human dignity and well-being as well as empowering the individual. (BASW, 2012). These ethics and values are supported by Beisteks theory. Workers need to treat the service user with respect, be non -judgemental and accept the situation the service user may be in. The social worker therefore would only be able to act upon their assessment which should include the carers views on what is best for the service user. Utilitarianism, an alternative argument, would argue whats the greatest good for the greatest number? What would benefit the service user more? The social workers views or the carers views? The outcomes need to ensure that the maximum people are happy. The social worker could reach the maximum happiness and reduce conflict by using empowerment. The social worker would respect the needs and preferences of the service user, via the carers and family members as well as recognising their own prejudices to ensure the correct services are offered. The Community Care Act (1990) promotes care in the community and people staying within their own inhabitancy, allowing the individual to use their personal budget and have carers to promote independence. There is demo to suggest for example, individuals who have fractured a limb, fare better when they recuperate in their own homes. (Pignolo, Keenan and Hebela, 2011).Accommodation is a majo r concern for many service users (Davis and Wainwright, 1996). unitary aspect that could cause conflict is the practice of placing young people in young disability units, properties that are specifically designed for people with learning disabilities. Although this could be seen as a solution for people to interact and have support, there is a potential conflict as the individual cannot choose where they want to live and may live a distance from family/friends. If placed in a purpose built establishment, the individuals are classed as being housed by the local office and therefore do not get to choose alternative locations (Oliver, 1996). The dilemma for the social worker is the need to take the individuals views into account whilst balancing their needs and wants, in particular if the service user lacks the capacity to make the decision.It is unlawful for anyone to sign a tenancy agreement on behalf of an individual who lacks capacity. A capacity assessment needs to be undertake n to ensure the service user understands how to maintain that tenancy. In order to proceed, an application needs to be made to The Court of Protection. This could lead to conflict as the social worker and housing department need to uphold the law, however many families feel they have the right to sign a tenancy for their disabled family member and find it difficult to accept that this is not the case. According to BASW (2012), the social worker needs to develop professional relationships with the service user and the family, uphold the account and values of the profession as well as recognising diversity and treating the individual as a whole. Utilitarianism would recommend looking at what benefits the whole family, rather than simply the service user. Challenges arise when the service user lacks capacity. Using the utilitarian approach, it could be said that the service user shouldnt be given a tenancy as it doesnt promote the greatest good for the greatest number. This view is i n conflict with BASW codes of ethics. It could be seen as unethical practice and lead to further conflict. Beistek would support the view of BASW in using the specific value base that service users should be allowed to freely express their feelings, both positive and negative, and the social worker should listen and make a decision in an accepting and non-judgemental way. However, Kant would say that although the consequence of not getting a choice in where the service user lives is a negative outcome, the intention of placing them in a home, with other people to socialise is a good moral judgement that is solely benefitting the individual.Another potential conflict could be older disabled individuals being forced into care. The Sutherland Report (1999) claimed that older disabled people were being forced into institutional care too early collectable to the lack of alternative care at home. Sixsmith and Sixsmith (2008) provided evidence that by 2008 there had been a shift in care p rovision and that the Personalisation Agenda meant that people were stay in their home for longer and receiving appropriate services. However there is a further potential for conflict when accommodating people, with disabilities, to stay in their homes. Individuals may want to grow old at home but is this possible for people with significantly reduced mobility? Many homes are inaccessible to wheelchair users and those with significant mobility impairments (Burns, 2004). There is a Government scheme whereby disabled people can apply for a disabled facility grant to have their homes adapted, and certain individuals have to re-pay the Government, therefore the Government is not financing expensive care packages. The role of the social worker would be to negotiate, support and empower the service user to have their needs met in the most appropriate, desired way. According to Kants theory, having a loan is the moral good as people will be able to remain at home for longer, promoting happ iness and community care. This would be supported by the values of BASW which states social workers need to treat the service user as a whole and respect their right to self-determination. In contrast to Kants theory, Utilitarianism would consider weighing up the consequences of removing the service user from their house and into an adapted and safe environment. I.e. a care home could be seen as an easier option for disabled people to receive care. This view could cause conflict because the social worker is going against the wishes and desires of the service user. Utilitarianism looks at the best outcome for society rather than on an individual level. Therefore, by moving individuals out of the house into the care home may provide maximum happiness for society, although it disregards the individuals views and opinions. This is a criticism of the model as many service users could potentially not have their needs met in a manner that is acceptable to them due to the focus being on the benefit to society. This could be particularly true e.g. for people with English as a second language or who follow a religious faith. However, Beistek would agree with Kant in promoting self-determination.A key theme running throughout this essay is respect for the individual person as a self determining being. Both Kant and Beistek promote this and therefore appear to be the social philosophical models best tailored towards social work values and ethics. There are clear conflicts between traditional social work and the personalisation agenda for people with disabilities. These conflicts have been reduced with the introduction of HCPC ethics. If the social worker consistently uses these theories whilst working with conflict and challenging service users then the BASW ethics will be maintained and the service users will receive the best appropriate service available within Fair access to care criteria.

Personal Narrative - My Parents Funeral :: Personal Narrative Writing

Narrative- My Parents Funeral Celery sticks served as slugger bats olives substituted for baseballs to be smashed across the kitchen. Cousins Sonny and Guido were pitcher and catcher, and my sister Dorrie was a junto of infield and outfield. I came up to bat for the first succession just as Gramps called for us to come into the living room. A policeman stood in the doorway. Nonnie and Aunt Sandy were crying. All morning we had been told to stop touching the Thanksgiving dinner or we would be punished. Who expected to go to jail because of olives Gramps pulled Dorrie and me onto his lot and hugged us close. Your momma and daddy were going to get Uncle Vince and a truck hit their car. God took them to heaven. He started to cry. I wished he would let us down. His splenic sweater smelled of tobacco, and his mouth was purple from wine. Dorrie and I went home with Aunt Sandy. My stomach was hurting and making tiger noises, but e realbody was crying so I was hydro phobic to say I was hungry. In the morning we went to a dark room where Mother and Daddy were lying in coffins. It smelled so sweet in that room, and the red-glassed candles intense everywhere made it sticky hot. Mother wore a lacy pink dress. A pink satin blanket covered her feet. Daddy looked so white, as if he wore makeup like Mother. Folded newspapers were hidden inside his trouser legs. At night we all knelt down on the blue carpet and prayed a long, long time with Father Minnorra from Our Lady of the Angels Church. My knees were sore and I shifted my weight from one leg to the other. Aunt Sandy touched my shoulder and said, Marie, stop that rocking. Kneel up. The morning of the funeral was very bright. The curtains were opened in the coffin room. Aunt Sandy held my hand. She wore a black hat with a big black feather. Her eyes had big red circles or so them, and her mouth was bright red. She reminded me of the clown in my circus coloring book.

A Study of Joe Christmas in Faulkners Light in August Essay -- Light

A Study of Joe Christmas in Light in August Joe Christmass eating overthrow and antipathy to womens sexuality (or to the feminine) in Light in August also can be traced back to the primal outlook in the dietitians room. However, the primal jibe is not the final piece of the puzzle in the novel. The primal scene is already given as a working condition for a gain ground analysis of Joes psychology. Readers are first invited to interrelate the scene and Joes behavior in the rest of the novel.1 Yet drawing one-to-one relations between the primal scene and Joes symptomatic behavior merely repeats Freuds theory for its own sake. The mechanic connection of the dots does not solve the most crucial problem of the novel, Joes racial identity. The primal scene, similar a dream, asks for a further inspection of its undersurface - something distorted or untold. It also urges to expand the Freudian perception of the unconscious. The unconscious is not just a personal trashcan of ones own r epressed sexual energy. As Joe Christmass case proves, the unconscious is always already cultural and social. The unconscious is multiple and full of others. Focusing on the primal scene, this essay shall explore Joe Christmass psychology and the problematics of his racial identity. The above excerpt is provided to allow the student a better understanding of the focus of the root word. The complete paper begins below We witness Freuds reductive glee we literally see multiplicity leave the wolves to take the shape of goats that have absolutely nothing to do with the story. septet wolves that are only kid-goats. Six wolves the seventh goat (the Wolf-Man himself) is hiding in the clock. Five wolves h... ...ginally published as Mille Plateaux, volume 2 of Capitalisme et Schizophrnie by Minuit in 1980 in France. Faulkner, William. Light in August. New York Vintage, 1990. Originally published in 1932. Karl, Frederick R. William Faulkner American Writer. New York Ballantine Books, 1989. Notes 1 Joes symptoms of anorexia nervosa, his dislike to objects, which remind of womens genitalia, and his disgust at anything or anyone with feminine faculties are closely interconnected to the primal scene. 2 It is interesting that psychic determinism in Joes case opposes to Gavin Stevenss theory of black blood and white blood. While the designer attributes Joes symptoms to nurture, Stevenss essentializing blood theory attributes to nature. The conflict between nature and nurture has become an important American theme.