HIV and Aids :: Medical Health Medicine Essays

HIV and Aids In Junior High, when we were in sex education class, we were told about AIDS and HIV. We learned that being HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) positive eventually led to AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome), which eventually led to death. We were taught this and never really doubted it. The AIDS pandemic is global and an estimated 40 million people are infected. None of them have been cured. The amount of funding for AIDS research is not small. A plentiful amount of drugs are available to patients diagnosed with AIDS or HIV. Some AIDS patients take "cocktails" of pills, which often lead to serious physical side effects. Some "cocktails" can mean ingesting 25 pills a day. There has been much talk about finding an AIDS Vaccine, but there have been no definite results as of yet. She created a stir in the media when she appeared on ABC News 20/20(1). Her person She has been called an unfit mother, a heretic, and has been compared to those who believe the Holocaust never happened. The reason for such a stir is because she is HIV positive, doesn"t take any medications whatsoever, questions whether HIV causes AIDS, has published a book called What if Everything You Thought You Knew About AIDS Was Wrong?, has unprotected sex with her husband, has an untested 3 year old son who she breast-fed at birth (the virus can be transmitted in utero, during birth, or through breast feeding), and is pregnant with her second child. Her name is Christine Maggiore and she as well as other dissidents have aroused both anger and support from AIDS and HIV communities. The difference between being HIV positive and having AIDS is that having AIDS means that a person must be HIV positive and either have a T-cell count below 200 or have one of the CDC"s (Center for Disease Control) 28 opportunistic infections. Christine Maggiore started questioning the connection between HIV and AIDS and the HIV and AIDS testing process when certain things she was told about AIDS and HIV did not add up with her situation. She speaks about how she "started really thinking about what AIDS doctors and educators told me rather than just accepting everything as true and correct." Doctors had told her that from her T cell count, she had a recent new infection.

Saving Nature but Only for Man

Charles Krauthammer, in his essay â€Å"Saving Nature, but Only for Man,† argues against whom he refers to as a sentimental environmentalist. Charles Krauthammer is a well-known right-wing political columnist and commentator who has worked or contributed to a number of magazines throughout his career (Krauthammer 292) His purpose behind writing this article was to prove that nature is here to serve man and not the other way around. The logic of his argument derives from an unusual form of pathos: an appeal to a human's fondness for other humans over so-called luxurious aspects of the environment. This pathos coupled with appealing to people's fear and moralistic views are the rhetorical strategies he utilizes throughout his argument. Krauthammer begins his argument by saying that people are beginning to make protecting the environment and becoming more green-friendly a prominent moral value in 1991's society. With great influences and important figures like Ted Turner and George Bush, along with companies such as Dow and Exxon showing their â€Å"love for Mother Earth,† people are starting to change their views and attitudes of the environment (292). This type of environmentalist (or what he refers to as a â€Å"sentimental environmentalist at the end of his essay (294)) is inclined to intertwine man and nature into one, but Krauthammer on the other hand claims that â€Å"When man has to choose between his well-being and that of nature, nature will have to accommodate†. (293). The foundation of his argument comes from Protagoras' old maxim, that â€Å"Man is the measure of all things† (293). In other words, man can only know the universe through man's eyes. All of physics is human physics, all of philosophy is human philosophy. In the past, animals (including humans) have accommodated to nature, suffering through various natural disasters: floods, volcanic eruptions, tornadoes and hurricanes. Krauthammer claims that now we must make the natural world into a natural world form humans (293). Krauthammer's first goal in his argument was to inject a sense of fear to his readers. To do this, he provides an example of what's currently happening in our ecosystem, such as the looming crises of the greenhouse effect and ozone depletion, and how stopping these man-made disasters would e a necessity (292). These two problems are undeniably the result of our civilization, but are made urgent only because they threaten man. In Krauthammer's eyes, the threat to nature they create is only credible because damaging nature (in this case at least) means damaging us humans. This is why we should stop the damaging climate change; not to save nature, but to save nature for mankind. This is not an effective plan of attack. By ta king this approach, Krauthammer is relying on the reader accepting his or her own ego-centrism. Whether or not the reader is wholly self-interested, no one is swayed by accusations of selfishness. He also appeals to people's emotions by having them imagine themselves requesting â€Å"hardworking voters to sacrifice in the name of the snail darter†, only then to say that these voters would barely even give them a â€Å"shrug† (293). This is an obscure reference. It is confusing for the reader because many who would come across the term â€Å"snail darter† would assume that Krauthammer is referencing a member of the lower class, where in reality it's a type of bird. However, this can be effective because whether or not his audience knows that a snail darter is a bird, the reader is likely imagining themselves being these hardworking voters, and feel shame because of their potential actions. This is his strange use of pathos: that we, as humans, should care for other humans more than other living things, especially if we don't even care enough for birds. Any reader capable of feeling compassion for the snail darter or guilt for the voters will not separate man and nature, and therefore will not make this distinction in his argument. The staggering amount of favoritism he gives to humans, especially in comparison with other aspects of the planet, is at the center of each of his examples. Which of these would be more correct: killing and ruining the livelihood of humans, or the destruction of a species' natural habitat? Krauthammer makes the attempt to tap into people's moralistic views, otherwise known as ethos. He knows that when it comes to having to choose between the two, people would generally sacrifice the animals before themselves or their kind. With this in mind, he creates a sequence of events that makes his audience aware that sentimentalizing the environment is not always the right choice for the benefit of humanity. For instance, he brings up the topic of the war in the Middle East. Krauthammer states that the only reason why we're having this war is because we believe that drilling for oil in Alaska could disturb the caribou breeding grounds. We would not have to police the Middle East for their oil if we could get the exact same product from our own soil (293). This too is an appeal to emotions because people do not want other people to die in vain, especially when there is another solution to avoid these deaths of American soldiers. He gives a similar example, this time in a hypothetical situation, with a forest full of spotted owls. The welfare of thirty thousand lumberjacks and their families depend upon logging this forest, which could cause the extinction of this spotted owl (293). Again Krauthammer is forgetting his target audience. No â€Å"sentimental environmentalist† will agree to ending a human conflict by sacrificing the lives of innocent animals. These examples are incapable of changing the minds of the readers who disagree with his views. If there's anything effective about his argument, it is what he does to draw in his audience of choice. Clearly there would be no point in trying to convince an audience that's already in agreement with Krauthammer, so he targets these so-called sentimental environmentalists. Among other things, he does this by choosing a very intriguing title for his essay. Generally, people who see the phrase â€Å"Saving Nature, but Only for Man† as the title for an argument would think that the author is trying to make a point that â€Å"Man† in general is selfishly saving nature for themselves and not for animals or any other living organism. Just like any regular person would do (in this case, a sentimental environmentalist), one is only interested in reading something that would correlate with their point of view. With this Man-is-Selfish title, Krauthammer would have accomplished his goal in captivating an audience who is in favor of what the title seems to be. Then, once these green friendly citizens are already reading Krauthammer's argument, they will have the chance to see his logic and reasoning as to why it is necessary to become more anthropocentric. The real problem is that he abandons this audience soon after, scolding his target readers more than convincing them. The most obvious opening in this argument is that we as humans cannot foresee all of the consequences of our actions. Actually labeling every part of nature as a luxury or necessity does a disservice to the cycles within cycles that is the environment. Too many species and topics can fall in a gray area between the two and any moderation in Krauthammer's argument is not readily apparent. For example, one forest of spotted owls may not mean much, but certainly the Earth as a whole needs a certain number of trees, and possibly a certain number of flying predators to keep the rodent population under control (something they do simply, which we humans often struggle with). To begin another example, humans eat a lot of salmon. Bears also eat a lot of salmon. If we cut down the bear population, we could harvest more salmon safely. However, this pattern may not continue into other food chains. Sharks also eat salmon, but if we killed all the sharks, the fish that they eat (and the fish that we don't eat) will multiply out of control, and ruin the ocean for the salmon. Krauthammer's argument hinges upon humans being the appropriate (or at least competent) caretakers of the complex planet Earth. We have neither the maturity nor the technology to manage an entire planet's ecology. One can also notice a large sense of bias in Krauthammer's argument. There is at least one time where he insults his target audience, actually stating that â€Å"†¦ this anthropocentrism runs against the grain of a contemporary environmentalism that indulges in earth worship to the point of idolatry† (293). This may be true of some, but to say that the current environmental activists all engage in some kind of nature worship is a little overboard. Instead of alienating his audience, Krauthammer should be working to find middle ground or at least convert their beliefs. Despite a deceptive title, Krauthammer's argument is a poorly-crafted article that only serves to state his opinion. His methods of arguing (arousing the audience's affection and conscientious minds) are powerful but unsuccessful because it does not take the reader's viewpoint into consideration. However, it is ultimately up to the reader to decide its impact. The consequences of a world where we value ourselves above all else will have unforeseen negative side effects. If nothing else, our future rests in the decision we make, and in whether or not we choose to trust our own judgment or in mother nature's.

What is Pure Beauty - 1540 Words

Everyone has their own idea of what pure beauty is. According to Websters Dictionary, the definition of beauty is â€Å"the quality or aggregate of qualities in a person or thing that gives pleasure to the senses or pleasurably exalts the mind or spirit† (â€Å"Beauty†). However, the definition of pure beauty has become warped and manipulated into a standard that only a select few can achieve. Nonetheless, beauty is more than what is behind the counter and computer. With these high criteria society sets, many women have false ideals of what is truly beautiful because of the increased use of Photoshop programs, the willingness to put themselves at risk under a surgeons scalpel, and many are now spending hundreds of dollars annually on†¦show more content†¦This means women will pay for the vast majority of the procedure out of pocket. On top of the cost factor, the risks of plastic surgery are more serious than many women realize. According to researcher Diana Zuckerman, â€Å"In 2012, more than 236,000 cosmetic procedures were performed on patients between 13 and 19, including more than 75,000 surgical procedures such as nose reshaping, breast lifts, breast augmentation, liposuction, and tummy tucks† (Zuckerman). Granted, these statistics include emergency procedures to improve these teens health, but many are for cosmetic reasons. Zuckerman also explains â€Å"Studies by implant manufacturers report that most women have at least one serious complication within the first 3 years, including infection, hematomas and seromas, capsular contracture (a sometimes painful hardening of the breasts), loss of nipple sensation, and hypertrophic scarring† (Zuckerman). So along with paying for these cosmetic enhancements, women can be paying for further operations due to complications of the initial surgery. Not only is the quest to be beautiful potentially dangerous, but, as demonstrated above, expensive. According to a report in InStyle, an average woman will spend $15,000 on cosmetic products in her lifetime (â€Å"Women†). Almost every woman atShow MoreRelatedShe Walks in Beauty800 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"She Walks in Beauty† is a poem that uses juxtaposition to help emphasize the object of magnificence. Daniel Moran, a secondary school teacher of English and American literature, states that the object is â€Å"made beautiful by a perfect combination of opposites† (Moran 276). Uma Kukathas, a freelance writer and editor, further explains that â€Å"Byron overturns the reader’s expectations by associating beauty with darkness rather than light and also by showing how light and darkness merge to create a perfectRead MoreShe Walks in Beauty1157 Words   |  5 Pagesbecame captivated by his cousin’s alluring beauty; her fair face contrasting with her dark hair and dress. Inspired by the opposing shades that created such an attractive woman, he wrote a poem about her in 1814 (Gamber). In Lord Byron’s â€Å"She Walks in Beauty,† motifs, personification and imagery express the theme that the combining of light and dark reflect a perfect inner and outer beauty. Lord Byron connects two pairs of motifs in â€Å"She Walks in Beauty† to establish the theme. One motif is darkRead MoreComparing the Themes of Love in Lord Byrons â€Å"She Walks in Beauty† and Keats Poem, â€Å"La Belle Dame sans Merci†935 Words   |  4 PagesThere are many different themes that can be used to make a poem both successful and memorable. Such is that of the universal theme of love. This theme can be developed throughout a poem through an authors use of form and content. â€Å"She Walks in Beauty,† by George Gordon, Lord Byron, is a poem that contains an intriguing form with captivating content. Lord Byron, a nineteenth-century poet, writes this poem through the use of similes and metaphors to describe a beautiful woman. His patterns and rhymeRead MorePlato Is One Of The Greatest And Well Known Philosophers1388 Words   |  6 PagesPlato, he seems to place importance on wisdom, and how to attain wisdom. Plato argues that in order to atta in pure knowledge, or wisdom, one must â€Å"escape from the body† and not fear the thought of death (Apology 66d-67a). The following paragraphs will argue that wisdom was very important to Plato and his worldview. Wisdom is the key component of Plato’s world because it helps one see beauty, to seek the soul over the body, to seek justice, and to not fear death. One of the first of many evidencesRead MoreThe Hidden One : A Native American Legend865 Words   |  4 Pages As the proverb goes, beauty is in the eye of the beholder. Beauty, as we know it, is subjective to each individual. However, some individuals are primed to perceive beauty as deriving from physique, clothing, and accessories; neglecting more important traits such as honesty and kind-heartedness. Aaron Shephard portrays in his short story, â€Å"The Hidden One: A Native American Legend†, that neglecting such traits results in failure. Any woman who makes deceitful attempts at proving they’re capable ofRead MoreShe Walks in Beauty869 Words   |  4 PagesShe Walks In Beauty Sandy Jackson ENG125: Intro to Literature Instructor:   Jaclyn  Mallan-King February 18, 2013 Three elements in the poem â€Å"She Walks In Beauty† are rhythm, rhyme, theme, and a fourth is language. The theme â€Å"She Walks In Beauty† is what caught my eye. She walks in beauty, I’m thinking about a beautiful woman walking along the shore of the beach with wind blowing her hair in the moonlight. The stars are out and the moonlight is glistening from the water. The theme is the settingRead MoreEssay on Lanval and Yonec1687 Words   |  7 Pagesbody becomes significant for the story. In the representation of their body in the works of Marie de France’s lais â€Å"Lanval† and â€Å"Yonec,† the body is represented in opposing views. In â€Å"Lanval,† France clearly emphasizes the pure beauty of the body and the power the ideal beauty holds, which Lanval’s Fairy Queen portrays. In France’s â€Å"Yonec,† she diverts the reader’s attention from the image of the ideal body and emphasizes a body without a specific form and fluidity between the forms. â€Å"Yonec† focusesRead MoreConsumed by Beauty in Death in venice by Thomas Mann Essay620 Words   |  3 Pages Consumed in Beauty â€Å"A kind of delicacy †¦ seriously beyond his year† (25). Life for humans is dictated by the yearning for more through our experiences. We strive for more knowledge, more wealth, and more happiness, but it all is endless like an abyss. Beauty, however, is pure and can be found in the simplest matters in life. Throughout the novel Death in Venice, by Thomas Mann, Aschenbach works his whole life rigorously day by day searching for more and more until his introduction to Tadzio inRead MoreThe Impact Of Advertising On The Portrayal Of Women977 Words   |  4 PagesGlamour magazine November 2013 issue, which I believe indeed is viewed as offensive. According to my sources â€Å"Beauty and the Beast of Advertising† and â€Å"Killing Us Softly 4† both by Jean Kilbourne, there many forms of offense in advertisements. The name of the advertisement I found is called â€Å"Josie Marian† which is named after an American model, actress and entrepreneur and it is quoted â€Å"What kind of nut puts oil on her face?† with subt itles â€Å"A nut like me†. The advertisement is a picture of Josie MaranRead More Light and Sight in The Good-Morrow Essay902 Words   |  4 PagesGood-Morrownbsp;nbsp; John Donne’s poetry deals with themes of creation and discovery. In his work The Good-Morrow, these issues are discussed through the use of poetic symbols. Donne gives major emphasis to the sense of sight as a way of discovering pure love. The first stanza contains images of sleep and, more generally, the ways in which one’s eyes can be closed to the world. Donne uses phrases like not weaned (2), childishly (3), and dream (7), to suggest the idea that when one’s eyes are

No More Guns - 729 Words

Paul Chung Transition English Four April 21, 2011 Essay No more Guns The year 1774 was pivotal in the history of the United States. It marked the beginning of the Revolutionary war, which lasted thirteen years and claimed thousands of lives. Fighting against the British, the Americans had to rely on individual citizens because they did not have a well organized army. As famers and hunters, many citizens already owned guns. These rifles proved indispensable in defeating the British. After the war, citizens were reluctant to give up their rifles, as they feared future invasions. Because of this war an amendment was added to the Constitution of the United States guaranteeing citizens the right to bear arms. Times have changed, However.†¦show more content†¦Since the fact that, they outlawed guns, they rate of the crime decreased. Also, in Arizona, college students were able to access to the guns. Due to this there were a lot of crimes, because university students could not control themselves of the use of gun. This would not happen if college students were not able to get access to the guns. The streets access to the fight and college students would not carry around them. If guns were illegal, people would be less likely to harm loved ones in moments of anger. Once, a family was going a vacation. Then an 11-year-old boy was killed in an accidental gunfire in Sharma. The gun went off while one of the family members were unloading bags and did not know the gun was loaded. If the guns were banned, then they would not even have the gun from the first place. This could have prevent the lost live of that11- year-old boy. If the guns were illegal, people would harm their loved ones just like this poor boy. Some people say that they feel safer having a gun at home. However, if guns were more difficult to own, it would even be safer. Fewer guns would lead to a decrease in the number of gun-related crimes and victims. For example, an 11-years-old boy was killed in an accidental gunfire. Even though they believed that ha ving a gun with them would make them safer, the unintentional, accidental gunfire killed that poor 11-years-old boy. Guns should beShow MoreRelatedMore Guns, More Problems?792 Words   |  4 Pages More Guns, More Problems? It seems like every day I turn on the news there are more and more horrifying stories of violence around the United States. Our children are not safe playing outside in the front yard as they once were. The new terrifying social phenomenon going around today is violent rampage, shooting sprees or mass murder. Gun Violence has widespread effects, not only national grief but also stricter gun control laws that effect law-abiding citizens. The causes for gun violenceRead MoreMore Guns, More Violence1893 Words   |  8 Pages More Guns, More Violence Guns have been around for centuries; they’ve shaped countries, politics and the shape of human and animal life forever. Many look at guns as dangerous, and destructive to who humans are. Especially when we turn on the news and see another teenage boy killing children in middle America. Although we go root on our local military men and women as heroes. This paper will dive into the deep, vast, and grey area that is gun control and the problemsRead MoreAre Guns Equal More Violence?867 Words   |  4 Pageslarge quantity of guns in the United States are culpable for the country’s murder rates. While the United States population and number of guns have steadily gone up since 1994, the rates of all different crime types have drastically gone down (Planty). Over the last nineteen years, almost fifty million guns have been added to the US, yet firearm violence has been reduced by more than two thirds (Federal Bureau). This completely contradicts the statement that more guns equal more violence. To compareRead MoreMore Gun Control Essay946 Words   |  4 PagesMore Gun Control One of the biggest issues in the United States that I would change would be gun control. The government is constantly proposing legislation for more and more gun control. Slowly they are chipping away at our constitutional right to keep and bear arms. You must ask yourself: For what reason does the government want to restrict law-abiding citizens from owning guns? Certainly government is not so naive to think criminals will adhere to gun control laws. There justRead MoreNo More Gun Control Needed1281 Words   |  6 PagesNo More Gun Control Needed The debate of whether or not the government should ban the sell of guns, and attempt to remove all guns in existence has been debated for a long period of time; I believe that banning guns is not only implausible, it will do more harm than good. In this essay, I’ll be discussing the history of this debate, as well as discuss some misinformation that’s been proposed by those wishing to ban guns. I’ll also discuss how guns do not turn ordinary, law abiding citizens intoRead MoreRe : More Gun Control Essay1898 Words   |  8 PagesTO: Senator Ryan McDougal From: Sean T. Bowles (Researcher) Date: November 8, 2016 RE: More Gun Control in Virginia Executive Summary Today there is a problem with guns in our society. People have easy access to firearms and here in Virginia it is much easier for anyone to get a firearm through private sales without any kind of background check into their mental health or criminal status. The reason that this is a problem is because people who are able to get a weapon without having a backgroundRead MoreAmerica Needs More Guns: Say No to Gun Control Essay2237 Words   |  9 PagesGuns do not kill people, people do. The American Dream is being able to work towards and achieve whatever makes you happy, whether it be owning your own business, joining the military, or staying at home raising a family, but the only way to reach your dream is to do it without living in fear that your dream will be taken away. In the last couple years mass shootings and attacks on schools have sadly become a common tragedy. Those who have been victims of public shootings or any other life scarringRead MoreAmerica Needs More Gun Cont rol1881 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"Give me the money.† She pulled out her gun from her back pocket and shot him in the toe. She didn’t kill him, but she prevented herself from getting killed. That gun saved her life and my life. You never know when something bad might happen. It could come out at any time, any day, anywhere. If my aunt hadn’t been allowed to carry that gun, we both might not be alive today. Even though some people believe America needs more gun control, this country needs less gun control because people need a way toRead MoreNo More Gun Control in America Essay570 Words   |  3 PagesClass, firearms have been an element of the American tradition as defense and a means of hunting or activity. As we progress through the 21st century the use of guns has changed significantly. Any additional gun laws should not be imposed on American citizens because of the second amendment, the need for protection, and the need for food and recreational sports. The second amendment in the United States Constitution clearly states that as American citizens, we have a right to bear arms. The ConstitutionRead MoreEssay America Needs More Gun Control1409 Words   |  6 PagesConstitution to the United States really mean? Does every citizen have the right to own a gun? Should there be limitations on who can possess a gun? Gun right advocates believe they have the right to possess a gun without restrictions. Gun Control advocates on the other hand support more limitations on the accessibility of guns and also want to ban certain types of guns. They argue that the more guns there are the more crime there will be. Is either one of these arguments justified? Which party is right

The Titular Character Of William Shakespeare s Macbeth

The titular character in William Shakespeare’s Macbeth is a typical hero who undergoes a series of nasty situations, and gradually loses his humanity in the process. Although he begins the play as a traditional hero, he most certainly does not retain that title towards the end. Over the course of the play, the reader can see Macbeth gradually decline in his mental and emotional state. From the beginning, he is portrayed as a traditional hero, with his courage on the battlefield and his honor at all times, not to mention his natural mercy and loyalty. Toward the end, however, he is a cruel and treacherous-as well as overly ambitious-tyrant. Throughout the play, we see challenges occur to make him this way, beginning from the point at which the witches spoke to him, and prophesied for him his rise to power. Before evaluating Macbeth’s character, it is important to define both a traditional hero and an anti-hero. Dictionary.com defines a hero as: â€Å"a man of distinguished courage or ability, admired for his brave deeds and noble qualities.† The Macbeth that we see at the commencement of the play most certainly fits this description, and never better than in the opening remarks in regard to him by the sergeant. On the other hand, an anti-hero is described by the same source as: â€Å"a protagonist who lacks the attributes that make a heroic figure, as nobility of mind and spirit, a life or attitude marked by action or purpose, and the like†. What we see as the play progresses is thatShow MoreRelatedcompare and contrast1507 Words   |  7 PagesStory Time and Macbeth 4. Compare and contrast the dramatic function of deception in two plays. The two plays that are going to be compared are ‘Macbeth’ and â€Å"Old Story Time†. Macbeth is written by a well-known dramatist by the name of William Shakespeare. Old Story Time is written by one of Jamaica’s best playwrights Trevor Rhone. ‘Macbeth’ is often said to be one of Shakespear’s most powerful tragedies. According to Poem hunter.com William Shakespeare was widelyRead MoreMacbeth : Not A Rare Monster1832 Words   |  8 Pages Macbeth: Not a Rare Monster Many directors, actors, and audience members have different opinions regarding the titular character of William Shakespeare’s Macbeth. Harold Bloom, author of Bloom’s Guides: Macbeth, states that â€Å"Macbeth is a villain, indeed a monster of murderousness† (Bloom 7). Even Macbeth’s rival, Macduff, calls him a â€Å"rare monster† (Macbeth 1.5.76-8). Macbeth is not a rare monster, he is human. In fact his humanity is a major theme in both Shakespeare’s script and in manyRead MoreAnalysis Of William Shakespeare s Hamlet And Macbeth 1854 Words   |  8 PagesThe work of William Shakespeare is, to many, the purest representation of theatricality there is. He is the most instantly and internationally recognizable playwright, and so works like Hamlet and Macbeth have come to be seen as staples of the dramatic genre, expected to be studied and performed, with critical acclaim, on a massive scale. However, as with so many forms of art, Shakespeare s work was not necessarily appreciated as such in his own time, specifically by certain critics of the theatre

Pratt Essay Arts Of The Contact Zone Example For Students

Pratt Essay Arts Of The Contact Zone The moment at which I realized that Utopia was impossible to obtain, made it a mission to seek out the thing that would elf me accept different cultures and found a way to connect with them. I will be the first to say that was never taught that white people were bad, but was taught that they were different. As I grew, found myself subconsciously limiting myself to not only talking to just black people, but subjecting myself to act and talk a certain way. It wasnt until my juniors of high school that started to actually become irritated by this so called community we black people had, because I knew that it was made up. Cited to reach out to other races, and I used the fact that was black as a way to reach a contact zone. Contact zones are defined as social spaces where cultures meet, clash, and grapple With each Other, often in highly asymmetrical relations. (Pratt 487). In the Mary Louise Prates essay, Arts of the Contact Zone, Pratt reports the advantages and disadvantages that co ntact zones bring. Pratt emphasizes that a contact zone allows people to interact between cultures and break the cultural boundary. When a contact zone is established, people are able to gain a new perspective because they are able to interact with people of a foreign culture. For example, when first met my best friend, Jill Simon, saw her as typical white girl. Figured that she probably talked proper, had a dog, and wore Juicy Couture. Although she did live up to the typical white girl standard that is expected, she grew to become one of the most important people in my life, We started our friendship when she overheard me making a comment about my hair. Being black, I obviously had different hair than she did, and she wanted to know how worked with mine. Her interest in my hair is what led to us talking about where was from, Vichy led to the subject of my culture and Vichy community identified myself with. Our difference in race coerced us to a subject that later allowed me and Jill to adhere our different cultures. Valuing our differences is one thing that helped our friendship grow. However our differences did come With ups and downs. Being that we were from completely different backgrounds, different situations were difficult for Jill to understand about me, and for me to understand about her. Couldnt just go and sleep over at her house without my parents knowing at least a few days in advance. Couldnt just leave my house at any time without my parents knowing, ND I feel that we had a different level of respect for our parents. Its not that Jill was rude to her parents, its just that there were something that she and her siblings got away with, that my siblings and would never even come close to getting away with. Live that this difference was something that was hard grasp in the beginning of our friendship. She would call me and want me to go out with her within the next hour, and she would actually get upset when had to decline, As our friendship progressed, Jill understood me and my family more. If she anted me to go somewhere with her, she would communicate that to me days in advance as to avoid me not being able to go out with her. This shows how Jill adapted to my way of planning things which brings on an example that Pratt gives in her essay. Pratt explains a story about the piece of work called, New Chronicle of Good Government written by Gunman Pomp, a Quiches mar What was written by Gunman Pomp was a 1,200 page letter in two languages that told the unique story about a culture that was dominated by the Spanish. It spoke about the torture that the Spanish brought which is quite different than he glorified, Spanish version Of the conquest that many Other countries had grown to know. .u5100f2c8897eb4eee0ba78405579ef2c , .u5100f2c8897eb4eee0ba78405579ef2c .postImageUrl , .u5100f2c8897eb4eee0ba78405579ef2c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5100f2c8897eb4eee0ba78405579ef2c , .u5100f2c8897eb4eee0ba78405579ef2c:hover , .u5100f2c8897eb4eee0ba78405579ef2c:visited , .u5100f2c8897eb4eee0ba78405579ef2c:active { border:0!important; } .u5100f2c8897eb4eee0ba78405579ef2c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5100f2c8897eb4eee0ba78405579ef2c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5100f2c8897eb4eee0ba78405579ef2c:active , .u5100f2c8897eb4eee0ba78405579ef2c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5100f2c8897eb4eee0ba78405579ef2c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5100f2c8897eb4eee0ba78405579ef2c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5100f2c8897eb4eee0ba78405579ef2c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5100f2c8897eb4eee0ba78405579ef2c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5100f2c8897eb4eee0ba78405579ef2c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5100f2c8897eb4eee0ba78405579ef2c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5100f2c8897eb4eee0ba78405579ef2c .u5100f2c8897eb4eee0ba78405579ef2c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5100f2c8897eb4eee0ba78405579ef2c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Macbeth EssayPomp writes his story from both points of view which brings on Prates point Of transfiguration. Transfiguration is important because it is the process of cultural transformation, as in the creation of new cultures and societies, resulting from intercultural conflict, struggle and change (491). When it came to the Spanish contrasting the Quiches culture, Pomp had to learn how to adapt to the new culture and new rules, however he didnt lose his own culture, hence him telling his story from two perspectives. The same applies for how Jill had to adapt to my familys way of doing things, and how transfiguration of both our cultures helped aid the conflict of miscommunication between me and Pratt argues that transfiguration seers to reflect the natural tendency of people to resolve conflicts over time, rather than exacerbating them (491). This bringing together of different cultures helps people live in realistic communities rather than the perfect, imagined ones that come to mind when a community is brought up. In Arts of the Contact Zone, Pratt quotes author, Benedict Anderson and acknowledges what he calls %imagined communities. Imagined communities are communities in which people will never know most of their fellow members, meet them, or even hear of them, yet in the mind of each lives the image of communion (493). We, as human beings tend to make communities out to be a place where everybody gets along everybody else, and everyone accepts the culture of their neighbor _ However this is not the case in most, if not all, communities. As Brooklyn Park showed me, along with a community comes different cultures, beliefs and languages. Jill and I live in the same city but found that culturally we were very distant. Transfiguration and using race as a way to reach a contact zone helped me and Jill find a centered sense Of reality. Transfiguration, Pratt argued, was the product of contact zones (491). I agree that transfiguration described the phenomenon Of merging and converging different cultures, and that it is much needed between the black and the white community because there has been so much separation from the beginning. The whole conflict of slavery and racism in the past, is the main thing that aides to he separation of the two communities. Although there is still sometimes conflict within the white and the black community, the past few years have brought on a sense of transfiguration with the fact that we have schools exploring different cultures with things such as foreign exchange programs and international day, Interracial and intercultural relationships are becoming more acceptable and we are realizing that there is black on black crime as there is white on white crime. We are not always jumping to the conclusion that race has to do with every negative thing that happens to one us. We are slowly, but surly moving on.

World War Two caused America to reluctantly abandon the policy of Isolationism Essay Example

World War Two caused America to reluctantly abandon the policy of Isolationism Paper I have mixed feelings about whether World War Two spelt the end of US Isolationism. I believe that to some extent this time was the least Isolationist the US had ever been, however, in my opinion American interests always focused worldwide despite some presidents isolationist foreign policies. Churchill wanted the United States involved in the war, openly seeking a fighting incident that would bring the neutral nation into the conflict. On August 4, 1941, Churchill and Roosevelt met for the first time, after corresponding for two years. The Atlantic Charter was one result of their meeting; another was the beginning of a deep personal friendship. They shared several common characteristics: both came from elite backgrounds, both were patricians, and both saw their roles as democratic noblemen. Churchill returned to England and told his War Cabinet that Roosevelt would wage war but would not declare it. The incident Churchill needed occurred on September 4, 1941, when the USS Greer, on a mail run to Iceland, was involved in a fighting incident with a German U-boat. In his subsequent address to the nation, FDR tended to distort the actual facts, using the occasion to begin unrestricted convoying and a limited, defensive naval war. Then on October 31, 1941, a German U-boat torpedoed a U.S. ship. This signaled what was to be the end of American neutrality. The bombing of Pearl Harbor in December, 1941, marked the definite end of American isolationism in practical terms. We will write a custom essay sample on World War Two caused America to reluctantly abandon the policy of Isolationism specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on World War Two caused America to reluctantly abandon the policy of Isolationism specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on World War Two caused America to reluctantly abandon the policy of Isolationism specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer During the war, the U.S. sent troops to Asia, Africa and Europe. After the wars end, the remnants of the League of Nations re-formed as the United Nations, and this time the United States was front and center. Under the Truman Doctrine, American economic and military aid went to nations threatened by communism. The Marshall Plan helped rebuild Europe and the Cold War made an American military presence abroad a foregone conclusion for the next 50 years. Roosevelt did not live long enough to see the war unfold though after declaring war he suddenly died of a brain hemorrhage. Roosevelt was replaced by Harry Truman. The US had avoided war in World War One because of many factors economic reasons and public opinion being the most important ones. However by 1945 things had changed and Truman looked upon the war as a brilliant opportunity. Fuelled by German Hatred after the events of Pearl Harbour, Truman had the public on his side. He had the backing of Congress and his own personal views that the US needed war as an economic opportunity (selling munitions) and his slogan to make the world safe for democracy. (Safe from German Imperialism.) With all of these positive factors the US entered a war of opportunities. Abroad, World War II brought an end to American isolationism. In the spring of 1945, the US joined delegates from 50 nations in signing the charter for a permanent United Nations, a year before the International Monetary Fund and World Bank were established to promote economic cooperation among nations. But the biggest challenge facing the United States in the postwar world was the souring of relations with the Soviet Union as a result of that countrys domination of Eastern Europe and support of communist insurgencies around the world. As part of the effort to contain the Soviet spread and to revive the economies of Western Europe, the United States launched the European Recovery Program (usually known as the Marshall Plan,) which poured $13 billion of aid into the region. In addition, the US adopted a policy of containment, shoring up non-communist areas in danger of encroachment. Thus, when the Soviet Union blockaded all surface routes into Berlin, the US and Britain launched the Berlin Airlift, supplying the western sectors of the city by air. We do have to question however whether the US was truly Isolationist. It would have been ignorant for any president to ignore world matters as if there was an opportunity for intervention then the US may have been able to capitalize on a situation and gain extra lands. After all, raw materials in the US could not last for ever. In my opinion Truman had no intention of remaining Isolationist for the World War, despite his election pledge of US Isolationism. Throughout the war he supplied Britain with loans and fighting equipment as well s increasing the US armies and Navies and supporting the Ententes blockade of Germany. World War Two was a major point of change for the US. From now on they saw it their duty to intervene in world matters (world policeman) because they were the worlds most influential power, and after all could benefit with the gaining of land and resources from certain countries. Take for example the recent war in Iraq, a country where the US is now gaining valuable amounts of oil from. Although the US role as a world policeman is supposedly world based, in my opinion this is not the case. Take for example events after world war two. There have been major wars in Vietnam and in Iraq, but these were only brought about because of threats to the US country. Indeed the US are reluctant to get involved in any war which has no effect on them. Vietnam was brought about by American fear of Communism, and wars in Iraq because of its valuable resources and the terrorism attacks of September the eleventh. During the Cold War, some Americans argued that the country should withdraw from the United Nations; but the Cold War, as a patriotic and ideological crusade, kept those voices from receiving widespread support. Today, the United States government and military is whatever word would best describe the extreme opposite of isolationist. In my opinion this is how they have always secretly been. US interests were always widespread; its just that when World War Two arrived the US were economically and socially ready to develop a world role. The breakout of war provided a perfect opportunity/excuse for the US to move away from its Isolationist image. The Challenge to Isolationism. 1. What was FDRs immediate response to the outbreak of war in Europe? Roosevelt was re-elected by the US public on the promise that he would keep the US out of World War Two. However he soon realized that war in Europe could lead to war in America and so supported the allied policy of appeasement to ensure peace. Roosevelt wanted to prepare America for the worst though. He believed the security of Europe was crucial to the security of America. He was able to persuade Congress to approve the Naval Expansion Act allowing a 20% increase in the US navy. In 1939, he got an extra $525 million for air defence. At the start of the Second World War, however, the American army still only numbered 185,000. 2. Did a majority of the US public and politicians favour isolationism in the early months of the war? 3. What legislation was included in the Neutrality Act of 4/11/39? During the 1930s, US public opinion as well as several Senators questioned the validity of US involvement in the Great War. The belief became increasingly common that the nation was deceived into taking part in this bloody conflict by Allied propaganda and to serve the interests of profit-thirsty bankers and industrialists. The conclusions of the Nye Committee in 1934, tasked with investigating the excessive profits made by the war armament industry, reinforced the antiwar position of the American people and finalizes the countrys isolationist policy. As a reaction to Germanys re-armament, and to prevent any US involvement in a possible European war, the US Congress voted the Neutrality Act, signed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on August 31, 1935. The Act prohibits trade in military material with warring countries and travel by US nationals on ships belonging to warring countries. It was amended in 1936 to prohibit loans to warring countries, and then in January and March 1937 to include civil wars. At the beginning of WWII, the possibility that Great Britain could be defeated is real and the growing Nazi threat is a cause for fear. Roosevelt realizes that the Neutrality Act imposes restrictions on possible US actions; amendments will be adopted to diminish the legislations scope. Supplying nations at war will be authorized on the cash and carry principle. President declares area around British Isles a combat zone in November 1939, and loans of military material will be possible on a land-lease agreement. Summary of Neutrality Act of 1939; This act repeals the arms embargo and substitutes a policy of cash and carry; prohibits United States vessels and citizens from entering combat zones; establishes the National Munitions Control composed of the Secretaries of States, Treasury, War, Navy, and Commerce. 4. What impact did Hitlers successful Blitzkrieg have on American attitudes? The speed with which the German army overran Western Europe shocked the American public. By June 1940, the Nazis were in control of Norway, Denmark, Holland, Belgium and France. Through the summer and autumn the Battle of Britain was fought with Britain and its empire standing alone against the Nazi threat. The broadcasts of journalist Ed Murrow from London during the Blitz did much to communicate to Americans the intensity of the struggle taking places, and this led to cries from the US public for American intervention in the war.